Expand this Topic clickable element to expand a topic
Skip to content
Optica Publishing Group
Journal Home About Issues in Progress Current Issue All Issues Early Posting Feature Issues

Dielectric metalens-based Hartmann–Shack array for a high-efficiency optical multiparameter detection system

Yuxi Wang, Zhaokun Wang, Xing Feng, Ming Zhao, Cheng Zeng, Guangqiang He, Zhenyu Yang, Yu Zheng, and Jinsong Xia

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

The real-time measurement of the polarization and phase information of light is very important and desirable in optics. Metasurfaces can be used to achieve flexible wavefront control and can therefore be used to replace traditional optical elements to produce a highly integrated and extremely compact optical system. Here, we propose an efficient and compact optical multiparameter detection system based on a Hartmann–Shack array with 2×2 subarray metalenses. This system not only enables the efficient and accurate measurement of the spatial polarization profiles of optical beams via the inspection of foci amplitudes, but also measures the phase and phase-gradient profiles by analyzing foci displacements. In this work, details of the design of the elliptical silicon pillars for the metalens are described, and we achieve a high average focusing efficiency of 48% and a high spatial resolution. The performance of the system is validated by the experimental measurement of 22 scalar polarized beams, an azimuthally polarized beam, a radially polarized beam, and a vortex beam. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

© 2020 Chinese Laser Press

Full Article  |  PDF Article
More Like This
All-dielectric silicon metalens for two-dimensional particle manipulation in optical tweezers

Teanchai Chantakit, Christian Schlickriede, Basudeb Sain, Fabian Meyer, Thomas Weiss, Nattaporn Chattham, and Thomas Zentgraf
Photon. Res. 8(9) 1435-1440 (2020)

Full-Stokes metasurface polarimetry requiring only a single measurement

Chenglong Zheng, Hui Li, Jingyu Liu, Mengguang Wang, Huaping Zang, Yan Zhang, and Jianquan Yao
Photon. Res. 12(3) 514-521 (2024)

Dielectric longitudinal bifocal metalens with adjustable intensity and high focusing efficiency

Shengnan Tian, Hanming Guo, Jinbing Hu, and Songlin Zhuang
Opt. Express 27(2) 680-688 (2019)

View More...

Supplementary Material (1)

NameDescription
Data File 1       Theoretical and reconstructed Stokes parameters of the 22 different polarizations.

Cited By

Optica participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from Optica Publishing Group journals and other participating publishers are listed here.

Alert me when this article is cited.


Figures (6)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic shows the dielectric metalens-based Hartmann–Shack array for a high-efficiency optical multiparameter detection system. The system can simultaneously measure the spatial polarization and phase profiles of optical beams. The colors are only used to enhance the clarity of the image and to distinguish metalenses with different polarization sensitivities in the array.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Schematic and design of metalenses. (a) Scheme for one pixel of a metalens array. (The colors indicate different polarizations.) The dotted crosses on the focal plane correspond to the centers of particular metalenses. (b) Scheme for one unit element of a metalens; (c), (d) simulation results for intensity transmittance and phase shifts of unit elements under normal incidence of y-polarized light. The white triangles indicate the transmittance, phase, and dimensions of 11 elliptical silicon pillars along the x-positive axis from the center of a y-polarized metalens. The white circle at (Dx=800 nm,Dy=224 nm) highlights the structural parameters used for an l-polarized sensitive metalens.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs and intensity distributions of a manufactured metalens array. (a) Local scanning electron micrograph of a fabricated metalens array. The white rectangle indicates one pixel of the array. (b) Corresponding magnified scanning electron micrograph of one pixel, where the polarization bases are denoted by letters for each metalens; (c)–(d) oblique view of the selected parts of the metalenses; (e)–(f) intensity profiles along the x axis, passing through the focus, together with a Gaussian fit for the y-polarized sensitive metalens and l-polarized sensitive metalens; the diameter of the focal spot is 7 μm.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Experimental validation of SOP detection with one pixel. (a) Optical setup for polarization detection. LP, linear polarization; λ/4, quarter-wave plate; λ/2, half-wave plate; VP, vector wave plate; L1, L2, lens; OL, 20× objective lens; CCD, charge-coupled device. (b) Intensity distributions of the focal points in one pixel for incident horizontal or vertical linear polarization (“x” and “y”), diagonal linear polarization (“a” and “b”), and circular polarization (“l” and “r”); (c) experimentally reconstructed (stars) Stokes parameters (S1, S2, S3) and theoretical predictions (small circles) are compared on a Poincaré sphere (see Data File 1).

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Detection and reconstruction of two vector beams. (a), (b) Intensity distributions for two vector beams. The blue arrows denote the local SOPs. (c), (d) Raw data of measured focal points for two vector beams; (e), (f) reconstructed polarization profiles. The black arrows correspond to the measured local polarization vectors, and the red arrows correspond to the theoretical predictions. The dashed gray lines are drawn to identify individual pixels.

Download Full Size | PDF

Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Detection and reconstruction of the vortex beam. (a) Schematic of the optical setup. L1, L2, L3, L4, lens; A, aperture; P, polarizer; SP, splitter prism; SLM, spatial light modulator; and OL, objective lens. (b) Intensity distribution for the vortex beam; (c) raw data of measured focal points for the vortex beam; (d) phase gradients (pink arrows denote theoretical results, and black arrows denote experimental results) and reconstructed wavefront (false-color scale) of the vortex beam. The dashed lines are drawn in above images to distinguish individual pixels of the metalens array. The length of the reference arrow is 0.4 rad/μm.

Download Full Size | PDF

Equations (7)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

φ(x,y)=−2πλ·(x2+y2+f2−f)+const,
tl=to+te2·(1i)+to−te2·exp(i·2θo)·(1−i).
S0=Ix+Iy,S1=Ix−Iy,S2=Ia−Ib,S3=Ir−Il,
S0=Ix+Iy,S1=Ix−Iy,S2=2Ia−Ix−Iy,S3=2Il−Ix−Iy.
θp=12 arctanS2S1.
∂ϕ∂x=2πλ·dxf2+dx2,
∂ϕ∂y=2πλ·dyf2+dy2.
Select as filters
Select Topics Cancel
Top
       
© Copyright 2024 | Optica Publishing Group. All rights reserved, including rights for text and data mining and training of artificial technologies or similar technologies.
Privacy | Terms of Use