VLC channel model in underground mining scenarios with the extinction effect and shadowing effect

Chao Li; Xing Wang; ZhenLiang Dong; Fengyuan Shi; Ting Yang; Ping Wang

doi:10.1364/AO.520073

Applied Optics
Vol. 63,
Issue 14,
pp. 3973-3983
(2024)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.520073

VLC channel model in underground mining scenarios with the extinction effect and shadowing effect

Chao Li, Xing Wang, ZhenLiang Dong, Fengyuan Shi, Ting Yang, and Ping Wang

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Chao Li, Xing Wang, ZhenLiang Dong, Fengyuan Shi, Ting Yang, and Ping Wang, "VLC channel model in underground mining scenarios with the extinction effect and shadowing effect," Appl. Opt. 63, 3973-3983 (2024)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: January 25, 2024
- Revised Manuscript: April 12, 2024
- Manuscript Accepted: April 18, 2024
- Published: May 9, 2024

Abstract

In this work, a novel, to our knowledge, visible light communication (VLC) channel model is proposed for underground mining scenarios taking into account the impact of coal dust particles and obstacles. Specifically, the extinction effect of the coal dust particles is analyzed on the basis of the Mie theory, and the quantitative formula of the influence on channel direct current (DC) gain is derived. Meanwhile, the effect of a random shadowing phenomenon is investigated and quantified with the geometric and statistical model considering the position, size, and shape of the obstacles. The channel impulse response, path loss, root mean square delay spread, and bit error rate (BER) are further investigated in two different underground mining scenarios, namely, a mining roadway and coal mine working face. Simulation results show that the shadowing effect plays a major role in the influence of DC gain attenuation. Furthermore, the BER performance is noticeably degraded due to the presence of coal dust particles and obstacles, especially when the receiver is located far from the transmitter. This work will benefit the design of the VLC systems in underground mines.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Parameter	Value
Dimension of the mining roadway ( $L \times W \times H$ )	( $5 \times 2 \times 3$ ) m
Dimension of the coal mine working face ( $L \times W \times H$ )	( $5 \times 5 \times 3$ ) m
Location of the LED1	(2.5,1,5)
Location of the LED2	(2.5,2.5,3)
Location of the PD1	(2,1,1.7)
Location of the PD2	(1,0.5,1.7)
Location of the PD3	(0.2,0.2,1.7)
Location of the PD4	(2,2,1.7)
Location of the PD5	(1,1,1.7)
Location of the PD6	(0.2,0.2,1.7)
Reflection coefficient of the walls, $ρ_{w}$	0.6
Lambertian illumination order, $m$	1
Area of the PD, $A_{P D}$	$1 {c m}^{2}$
Gain of the optical filter, $T_{s}$	1
Gain of the optical concentrator, $g_{s}$	3
Receiver’s field of view, $φ_{F O V}$	80°
Detector responsivity, $γ$	0.53 A/W
Extinction efficiency, $Q_{e x t}$	2.2
Radius of coal dust particles, $r$	2 µm
Refractive index of coal dust particles, m	$1.57 - 0.56 i$
Density of coal dust particles, $ρ_{1}$	$1.56 {g / c m}^{3}$
Concentration of coal dust particles, $ρ_{2}$	$10 {g / m}^{3}$
Number of obstacles, $K$	1
Radius of the obstacles, $r$	0.5 m
Height of the obstacles, $h$	2.5 m
Joint probability density function of $x$ and $y$ , $f (x, y)$	$(\frac{1}{L - 2 r}) (\frac{1}{W - 2 r})$
Background current, $I_{b g}$	10 nA
Absolute temperature, $T_{k}$	295 K
Open-loop voltage gain, $G$	10
Fixed capacitance of the PD per unit area, $η$	$112 {p F / c m}^{3}$
Field effect transistor (FET) channel noise factor, $Υ$	1.5
FET transconductance, $g_{m}$	30 mS
Bandwidth of the electrical filter, $B_{w}$	100 MHz
Noise bandwidth factor, $I_{2}$	0.562
Noise bandwidth factor, $I_{3}$	0.0868

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Applied Optics